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4th Sunday of Year B

Teach and teaching are words which occur frequently in the New Testament. They also appear several times in the liturgy of this Fourth Sunday of the Ordinary Time. Jesus is presented by St Mark as the master with a “new teaching” who “taught with authority” (Gospel). It is not just any teaching, but that of a prophet, in the style of Moses, the prototype of prophetic tradition in the mind of the people of Israel, the master and maker of his people (first reading). St Paul, as prophet of the New Testament, imparts to the Corinthians his teaching on marriage and celibacy, two states and two ways of living oneโ€™s dedication and commitment to the apostolate within the church community (second reading). This teaching which is prophetic, new and delivered with authority, is addressed to man, so that he will welcome it and become the active recipient of its effectiveness.

P. Antonio Izqeuirdo, L.C., Copyright ยฉ Dicastery for the Clergy

DOCTRINAL MESSAGES

4th Sunday of Year B

At birth, man is not a fully formed being; he only has the capacity to learn. Therefore he needs teachers. Throughout the history of humanity there have been different environments in which children and young people receive teachings from their elders: the family, the school, the university, the synagogue or church, the agora or the forum, the academy or debating society, the newspaper or television. All the teachings received are โ€“ or at least can be โ€“ useful and enriching in the work of educating an individual. Jesus does not compete with such teachings, but he is a teacher whose teachings imbue all others with a soul. His teaching affects history, but it also looks to the future, beyond history. Nor does he present himself or appear in the Gospels as a rival to the religious teachers of the Jewish people โ€“ and one might add of the pagan peoples โ€“ but as the teacher who brings to fulfillment all the religious teachings of the past, as one who has the power of God to make them effective in the lives of human beings and in the service of their integral good. This is how, in the face of the teaching of the scribes which was lacking in divine force and consisted of formulas crystallized in the tradition of the elders, Jesus reveals himself in the Gospels as the Teacher par excellence; he possesses his own authority by virtue of the power of God which is active in him, and makes his listeners perceive his teaching as new, or in other words definitive, because it is a fusion of word and action, meaning and effectiveness.

P. Antonio Izqeuirdo, L.C., Copyright ยฉ Dicastery for the Clergy


Already in the Jewish tradition the prophet of the first reading was seen as a prefiguration of the Messiah who was to appear to his own contemporaries as a new Moses, that is, as a prophet and teacher-legislator and the maker of the new people. It is not hard to imagine how Jesus himself (and with him the first Christians) appropriated this prefiguration, since Jesus is the hoped-for Messiah and the Christian community are the new people formed by the teachings and actions of Jesus Christ among men. Since he is the prophet par excellence, Jesus is the keystone of true or false prophecy, as he is also the point of reference and the judge of all other forms of non-biblical prophecy (at the time of Deuteronomy the prophets were Canaanites faithful to the god Baal).

Paul, for his part (and this applies to any other "teacher" of Christian communities) is not an autonomous prophet or teacher, but his teaching refers to Christ the Teacher or is illuminated by the presence of the glorious Christ on Paulโ€™s lips or in his pen, through the living and life-giving action of the Holy Spirit. Paul teaches with authority, but this is not his own. It is the authority of Christ himself, present in him through the power of the Holy Spirit. Paul teaches that there are two states of life: marriage and virginity. Both are gifts of God, both are calls to dedication and commitment to the apostolate. But at the same time he teaches that the unmarried are in a position to live this dedication and commitment to the apostolate more radically than those who live in the bonds of marriage.

P. Antonio Izqeuirdo, L.C., Copyright ยฉ Dicastery for the Clergy


Every word and teaching is like a call waiting for an answer. Teaching, by its very nature, has the structure of a dialogue. One can accept, reject or discuss a teaching, but one has to dialogue with it. As regards the Gospel and Christian teaching, there can be no answer but a welcome. This welcome is primarily an acceptance, because it is "Godโ€™s teaching".. A welcome that comes with a fair amount of surprise because these are new teachings, never heard from any "other teacher" to whom we listen daily. A welcome which perhaps brings a certain degree of respectful fear, because in fact it is a matter of welcoming Godโ€™s "mystery" into our lives that are so impregnated with materialism and earthly thoughts. A welcome which, however, bears the seal of victory over important things (the meaning of life and death, the reality of the beyond, the love of God and neighbor as the essence of our existence). A welcome, finally, that we cannot conceal, but which leads us to spread the teaching we have learned, because "we cannot keep quiet about what we have seen and heard."

P. Antonio Izqeuirdo, L.C., Copyright ยฉ Dicastery for the Clergy


When someone calls another person, the latter is obliged to give an answer. This can be positive, negative, neutral or indifferent. What the person cannot do is leave a call unanswered. When Jesus said to the two disciples: "Come and see," what did they do? "They went and saw where he lived, and stayed with him the rest of that day." And when Samuel realized that it was God calling him, he did not hesitate to answer: "Speak, Lord, your servant is listening." The person is free to give one answer or another, but he is obliged to answer, given that he is the one who is called.

P. Antonio Izqeuirdo, L.C., Copyright ยฉ Dicastery for the Clergy

PASTORAL SUGGESTIONS

4th Sunday of Year B

In the great market of words, so present and overwhelming, it is not easy to find a word that is living and life-giving. How many words, how many "teachings" reach human, Christian ears today? Millions! Among these millions of words, where is the Word that gives life and feeds the soul in our times? In conveying the teachings of Jesus Christ, Christian teachers today โ€“ priests, parents, catechists and others โ€“ must speak living words, words with the force of eternity, that will not pass away but that will last and give meaning and serve as a crucible for all the millions of other words that are heard. Faced with such a stupendous reality, one is tempted to wonder why religion classes and Sunday homilies are sometimes so boring. What are we doing with the Living Word? Why, if it is alive, does it not manage to enliven the hearts of Christian preachers and of the listeners? Something is happening which is turning the living and effective Word into an almost sterile and dead word, or at least a word without bite, without a vital, transforming impulse. Let us pray that the teachers of the Word may always have the Word of Life on their lips and in their hearts.

P. Antonio Izqeuirdo, L.C., Copyright ยฉ Dicastery for the Clergy


When the words of the teacher are not living and enlivening, we cannot expect any attitude other than boredom and rejection. This is so obvious, almost axiomatic. But why, even when the word is full of life and is life-giving, is it not listened to and welcomed? Jesus too had to face this rejection of his Word, because men found his teachings "hard". And didnโ€™t Paul have to face at times those who showed no interest in his Gospel or who simply rejected him? We should not be surprised that the Living Word is like a ridge which divides men into those who welcome it and those who reject it. The Living Word should be heard in freedom and set men free, but there are those who choose to exercise their free will by rejecting the source of freedom. The Living Word is like a seed that sometimes falls on ground that is hard, shallow and full of weeds. Let us ask God that with his grace he may cleanse and cultivate his field, so that people (our parishioners, our students, our children) will accept the Living Word and that through it their hearts and their works may bear abundant fruits.

P. Antonio Izqeuirdo, L.C., Copyright ยฉ Dicastery for the Clergy

Preaching and Healing

31 January 2021 | Library of the Apostolic Palace

4th Sunday of Year B

Todayโ€™s Gospel passage (cf. Mk 1:21-28) tells of a typical day in Jesusโ€™ ministry; in particular, it is the Sabbath, a day dedicated to rest and prayer: people went to the synagogue. In the synagogue of Capernaum, Jesus reads and comments on the Scriptures. Those present are attracted by his manner of speaking; their astonishment is great because he shows an authority that is different to that of the scribes (v. 22). Furthermore, Jesus shows himself to be powerful in his deeds as well. Indeed, a man of the synagogue lashes out, addressing him as the One sent by God: He recognizes the evil spirit, orders him to leave that man, and thus drives him out (vv. 23-26).

The two characteristic elements of Jesusโ€™ action can be seen here: preaching, and the thaumaturgic work of healing: He preaches and heals. Both of these aspects stand out in the passage of the evangelist Mark, but preaching is emphasized the most; exorcism is presented as a confirmation of his singular โ€œauthorityโ€ and his teaching. Jesus preaches with his own authority, as someone who possesses a doctrine derived from himself, and not like the scribes who repeated previous traditions and laws that had been handed down. They repeated words, words, words, only words: as the great singer Mina sang, [โ€œParole, parole, parole โ€]; that is how they were. Just words. Instead in Jesusโ€™ words have authority; Jesus is authoritative. And this touches the heart.

Jesusโ€™ teaching has the same authority as God who speaks. Indeed, with a single command he easily frees the possessed man from the evil one, and heals him. Why? Because his word does what he says. Because he is the definitive prophet. But why do I say this, that he is the definitive prophet? Let us remember Mosesโ€™ promise: Moses says, โ€œAfter me, long after, a prophet like me will comeโ€ โ€” like me! โ€” โ€œwho will teach youโ€. (cf. Dt 18:15). Moses proclaimed Jesus as the definitive prophet. This is why he speaks not with human, but with divine authority, because he has the power to be the definitive prophet, that is, the Son of God who saves us, who heals us all.

The second aspect, healing, shows that Christโ€™s preaching is intended to defeat the evil present in humankind and the world. His word is pointedly directed against the kingdom of Satan: it puts him in crisis and makes him recoil, obliging him to leave the world. Touched by the Lordโ€™s command, this possessed, maniacal man is freed and transformed into a new person. In addition, Jesusโ€™ preaching conforms to a logic that is contrary to that of the world and of the evil one: His words reveal the upheaval of a mistaken ordering of things. In fact, the demon present in the possessed man cries out as Jesus approaches: โ€œWhat have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us?โ€ (v. 24).

These expressions indicate the total extraneousness between Jesus and Satan: they are on completely different planes; there is nothing in common between them; they are the opposite of each other. Jesus, authoritative, who attracts people by his authority, and also the prophet who liberates, the promised prophet who is the Son of God who heals. Do we listen to Jesusโ€™ words, which are authoritative? Always, do not forget, carry a small copy of the Gospel in your pocket or in your bag, to read throughout the day, to listen to that authoritative word of Jesus. And then, we all have problems, we all have our sins, we all have spiritual afflictions; let us ask Jesus: โ€œJesus, you are the prophet, the Son of God, the one who was promised to us to heal us. Heal me!โ€ Asking Jesus to heal our sins, our ills.

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Authority

1 February 2015 | Saint Peter’s Square

4th Sunday of Year B

This Sundayโ€™s Gospel passage (cf. Mk 1:21-28) presents Jesus who, with his small community of disciples, enters Capernaum, the city where Peter lived and which was the largest city in Galilee at that time. Jesus goes to that city.

The Evangelist Mark, recounts that, since it was the Sabbath, Jesus went straight to the Synagogue and began to teach (cf. v. 21). This reminds us of the primacy of the Word of God, the Word to be listened to, the Word to be received, the Word to be proclaimed. Arriving in Capernaum, Jesus does not delay proclaiming the Gospel, does not think first about the necessary logistics of his small community, does not tarry over the organization. His primary concern is to communicate the Word of God with the power of the Holy Spirit. And the people in the Synagogue were astonished, because Jesus โ€œtaught them as one who had authority, and not as the scribesโ€ (v. 22).

What does โ€œwith authorityโ€ mean? It means that in the human words of Jesus, the power of the Word of God could be felt, the authority of God, who is the inspiration of the Sacred Scriptures. And one of the characteristics of the Word of God is that He does what He says. For the Word of God corresponds to his will. We, on the other hand, often speak empty, shallow words, or superfluous words, words that do not coincide with the truth. Instead, the Word of God corresponds to the truth, it is united to his will and fulfills what He says. Indeed, Jesus, after preaching, immediately demonstrates his authority by freeing a man, in the Synagogue, who was possessed by a demon, (cf. Mk 1:23-36). The very divine authority of Christ provoked the reaction of Satan, hidden in that man; Jesus, in his turn, immediately recognized the voice of the evil one and โ€œrebuked him:…. โ€˜Be silent, and come out of himโ€™โ€ (v. 25). With the power of his word alone, Jesus frees the person from the evil one. And once again those present were amazed: โ€œHe commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey himโ€ (v. 27). The Word of God arouses amazement in us. It has the power to astonish us.

The Gospel is the word of life: it does not oppress people, on the contrary, it frees those who are slaves to the many evil spirits of this world: the spirit of vanity, attachment to money, pride, sensuality…. The Gospel changes the heart, changes life, transforms evil inclinations into good intentions. The Gospel is capable of changing people! Therefore it is the task of Christians to spread the redeeming power throughout the world, becoming missionaries and heralds of the Word of God. This is also suggested by todayโ€™s passage which closes with a missionary perspective, saying: โ€œhis fameโ€ โ€” the fame of Jesus โ€” โ€œspread everywhere, throughout all the surrounding region of Galileeโ€ (v. 28). The new doctrine, taught by Jesus with authority, is what the Church takes to the world, along with the effective signs of His presence: the authoritative teaching and the liberating action of the Son of God become words of salvation and gestures expressing the love of the missionary Church. Always remember that the Gospel has the power to change lives! Do not forget this. It is the Good News, which transforms us only when we allow ourselves to be transformed by it. That is why I always ask you to have daily contact with the Gospel, to read it every day: a verse, a passage, to meditate on it and even to take it with you everywhere: in your pocket, in your bag…. In other words to nourish yourself every day with this inexhaustible source of salvation. Do not forget! Read a passage of the Gospel every day. It is the power that changes us, that transforms us: it changes life, it changes the heart.

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5 October 2014 | Saint Peter’s Square

4th Sunday of Year B

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SOURCE: The Holy See Archive at the Vatican Website ยฉ Libreria Editrice Vaticana

The “Messianic Secret”

1 February 2009 | Saint Peter’s Square

4th Sunday of Year B

This year, among the Sunday celebrations, the liturgy proposes the Gospel of St Mark for our meditation. A unique characteristic of this Gospel is what is called the “messianic secret”: namely, the fact that, for the moment, Jesus does not want it to be known outside the small group of his disciples that he is the Christ, the Son of God. Moreover, at this point he warns both the Apostles and the sick whom he heals not to reveal his identity to anyone. For example, this Sunday’s Gospel passage (Mk 1: 21-28) tells of a man possessed by the devil who suddenly shouts: “What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are, the Holy One of God”. And Jesus commands the spirit: “Quiet! Come out of him!”. And immediately the Evangelist notes the unclean spirit, with excruciating cries, came out of that man. Jesus not only drives demons out of people, freeing them from the worst slavery, but prevents the demons themselves from revealing his identity. And he insists on this “secret” because what is at stake is the success of his very mission, on which our salvation depends. Indeed, he knows that to liberate humanity from the dominion of sin he will have to be sacrificed on the Cross as the true Paschal Lamb. The devil, for his part, seeks to dissuade him so as to divert him instead toward the human logic of a powerful and successful Messiah. The Cross of Christ will be the devil’s ruin, and this is why Jesus always taught his disciples that in order to enter into his glory he must suffer much, he must be rejected, condemned and crucified (cf. Lk 24: 26), for suffering is an integral part of his mission.

Jesus suffered and died on the Cross for love. On close consideration, it was in this way that he gave meaning to our suffering, a meaning that many men and women of every age have understood and made their own, experiencing profound tranquillity even in the bitterness of harsh physical and moral trials. And the theme that the Italian Bishops have chosen for their customary Message on the occasion of today’s Pro-Life Day is precisely “The strength of life in suffering”. I wholeheartedly make their words my own, in which is seen the love of Pastors for their people and their courage in proclaiming the truth the courage to say clearly, for example, that euthanasia is a false solution to the drama of suffering, a solution unworthy of man. Indeed, the true response cannot be to put someone to death, however “kindly”, but rather to witness to the love that helps people to face their pain and agony in a human way. We can be certain that no tear, neither of those who are suffering nor of those who are close to them, is lost before God.

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SOURCE: The Holy See Archive at the Vatican Website ยฉ Libreria Editrice Vaticana
SOURCE: The Holy See Archive at the Vatican Website ยฉ Libreria Editrice Vaticana